“Permaculture is a design system based on ethics and design principles which can be used to establish, design, manage and improve all efforts made by individuals, households and communities towards a sustainable future” <www.permacultureprinciples.com>
Permaculture is an approach to designing human settlements and agricultural systems that is modeled on the relationships found in nature. Permaculture is based on the ecology ideas and aims to create stable, productive systems that provide human with needs. It's a system where each element supports and feeds other elements, ultimately aiming at systems that are virtually self-sustaining and into which humans fit as an integral part. This method was devised and developed by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren during the 1970s. Bill Mollison has described permaculture as "a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single project system."
Permaculture design uses these principles to develop integrated systems that provide for our needs of food, shelter, energy and community in ways that are healthy and efficient
Permaculture as an idea, design and practical tool is based on 3 fundamental values and ethics:
1. Care of the Earth: in order to provide all life systems to continue and multiply.
2. Care of People: in order to provide people to have access to indispensable resources necessary for their existence.
3. Setting Limits to Population and Consumption: by governing our own needs, we can set resources aside to further the above principles
The list of
Permaculture principles, which works as a tools and when they’re used together
allows people to creatively re-design human environment and behaviour in a
world of less energy and resources. These principles are seen as universal,
although the methods used to express them will differ a lot according to the
place and situation. Above mentioned principals read as follows:
1. Observe
and interact
2. Catch
and store energy
3. Obtain a
yield
4. Apply
self-regulation and accept feedback
5. Use and
value renewable resources and services
6. Produce
no waste
7. Design
from patterns to details
8.
Integrate rather than segregate
9. Use
small and slow solutions
10. Use and
value diversity
11. Use edges and value the marginal
12.
Creatively use and respond to change
All of
those principles and the ideas that are related to them are developed and explained on the official
internet website www.permacultureprinciples.com
Examples of Permaculture in POLAND:
1.
Permaculture Garden in Poland, Krośnik, nearby Lublin
Mr Marek,
called “Bosa Stopa” (“Bear Foot”) is
coming from Poland, Kraśnik –is a town in eastern Poland nearby Lublin City. Mr
Marek is social worker and founder of the “Bear Food” Foundation.
For several
years he is observing the nature, close to his heart are natural values,
biodiversity, contact with her unusual creations. What’s more he propagates an active tourism
and he starts to be interested in Permaculture recently.
Two years
ago (in 2010), in the spring, he took up the unusual challenge. At fast rate he
transformed the
24-fighting equipment recycle clay soil into a beautiful
permaculture garden. Placed on the cooperation with nature in the smallest part
of each of its elements. He invited to his garden, birds, lizards, insects,
created space for many other smaller or larger companions. He was accomplishing
his idea by putting in a little bit of knowledge, persistence, self-confidence,
and above all heart. Nevertheless he was still enhancing his knowledge about
permaculture methods and in accordance with rules of permaculture he created a
“place of paradise” how it can be called his Permaculture Garden
Examples of Permaculture in the WORLD:
1. http://www.permacultura.org/ - Permacultura America Latina
2. http://www.pccj.net/ - Permaculture Center of Japan, Kanagawa
the web site is in Japan language only, so I'll give some brief information, to give closer viev on their work
The Permaculture Centre of Japan is located in farm area in Fujino. They work on turning consumer gloabl trends into holistic ways of living. It is the only Pemaculture Centre wich exist in Japan. They combine alternative and modern agriculture.
3. http://www.peoplesgrocery.org/ - The People Grocery Urban Gardens, Oakland, California
It is important place of developing sustainable and locally-rooted food system to gratifing nutritional needs. They providing with sufficient fresh food these low-income urban areas which don't have access to it. They have network of urban gardens and micro-farms. What's more they employing local youth in their work and giving them job and interesting occupation.
2. RURAL TOURISM
“The rural tourism policy programme defines sustainable rural tourism as any form of tourist development or activity which respects the environment, ensures long-term conservation of natural and cultural recources, and is socially and economically acceptable and equitable. “ -
In my opinion giving overall definition of rural tourism is not easy, because it involves different
activities in different countries which each of them have it own environment
and culture. However, rural tourism enables tourists to
reunite with nature and the culture of the destinations, and that it has impact
on the economic and social recovery of the rural areas and cause the conservation
of the environment and the spreading of local cultures. It allows vistors
access to people and places outside of city environments. There is include
hiking and biking, visiting community museums and buying crafts. Rural tourism
is best enjoyed slowly.
It contains
all the activities which may be carried out in a rural environment and which
attract visitors because of their traditional features and because they are
different from their usual lifestyle. Visitors may interact with nature
practicing various activities, such as horseback riding, sightseeing, fishing,
hunting, mountaineering, agritourism, cultural tourism, wine tourism,
health tourism, etc. Such activities take place in a context of respect for the
environment and local culture.
Tourists
also enjoy the obliging service of the communities in the rural world
(friendliness, typical cuisine, crafts, etc.).
It is
called rural tourism mainly because of the fact that even though tourists'
choice may not backed up by the willingness of participating in agrarian
lifestyle, but they spend time in a rural area and interact with the locals who
derive benefits from those activities. Therefore for instance staying at an
all-inclusive hotel is not rural tourism because interaction with local
community in such kind of place is not relevant.
Moreover rural tourism may has a
positive effect on the economy, on the environment, and society helping them maintain and improve local infrastructure and services, giving new work places, by that it improves their lifestyle.
Examples of rural tourism in POLAND:
There are not so many rural tourism farms in Poland but the majority of them are located in the
most attractive regions of the country such as Mazury, Pomerania (Pommern),
Wielkopolska and the Lubuskie Lakeland. Below are enclosed examples
1. Farma 69 - Kopaniec agrotourism
2. Gospodarstwo agroturystyczne (Agricultural Farm) "Vitalis", Elbląg
3. “Bursztynowa Farma” (Amber Farm) – is located among forests and meadows on the edge of Słowiański National Park. Beautiful thatched houses are situated in the middle of 33ha farm - which ensures peace and quiet. The nearby areas are known for their beautiful forests abundant in mushrooms, lots of birds, cranes, geese, storks. Only 12km away from habitat is Łeba city with beautiful beaches and dunes, J. Sarbsko – adapted for windsurfing, J. Łebsko – adapted for sailing. on site there are situated: a pond, barbecue, fireplace, and many other attractions and facilities which enable to interact with nature.
Examples of rural tourism in the WORLD:
1.
NEDERLANDS: Farmstay in Holland - “Dutch Farm Holidays Bureau” – <
www.dutch-farmholidays.com> - has organized farmers, growers and
citizens-owners of typical and charming accommodations in the rural area.
2. UNITED
KINGDOM: “Bluestone Eco Tourism Holidays” - <www.bluestonewales.com>
Situated within the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Bluestone has woodland
walks, nature trails, picnic areas, cycle routes and trim trails.
3. ITALY:
“La Frescura Agriturismo” is created in an ancient country house dating back to
the 17th century. The two-story building is immersed in nature and surrounded
by twelve hectares of citrus groves. The hill top location opens the view to
the Anapo valley with Mount Etna and Siracusa’s port in the background.
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